Journal: Journal of neuroinflammation

Article Title: Rescue of in vitro models of CSF1R-related adult-onset leukodystrophy by iluzanebart: mechanisms and therapeutic implications of TREM2 agonism.

doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03346-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Iluzanebart is a specific agonist of human TREM2. A hTREM1-HEK. In a HEK293T cell line expressing hTREM1 and hDAP12, an anti-TREM1 antibody (green) stimulated phosphorylation of SYK after 45-min treatment, whereas iluzanebart (blue) did not (n = 3 independent experiments), confirming that iluzanebart is a TREM2-specific agonist with no cross-reactivity to the related TREM1 receptor. B TREM2 -/- iMGL. Iluzanebart (blue) does not stimulate pSYK in TREM2−/− human iPSC-derived microglia. Concanavalin A (green) was used as a positive control demonstrating that TREM2−/− cells can activate pSYK in response to TREM2-independent activators. Data shown is normalized to IgG control after 5 min exposure (n = 2 independent experiments) and reported as % of maximal activation. C iPSC Derived Human iMGL. Treatment of human iPSC microglia with iluzanebart reduced levels of soluble TREM2 levels after 24 h, compared to IgG control which had no effect (n = 2 independent experiments)

Article Snippet: R&D anti-mouse/anti-rat antibody (#MAB17291), R&D Systems] anti-human TREM1 antibody (#MAB1278), Concanavalin A (Sigma, #C2010), PLX5622 (MedChem Express, #50-196-9292), IL4 (Peprotech #200-04).

Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics, Derivative Assay, Positive Control, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: Nature immunology

Article Title: Subsets of ILC3-ILC1-like cells generate a diversity spectrum of ILCs in human mucosal tissues.

doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0425-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, The viSNE analysis of tonsil NKp44+ cells based on 36 selected markers and colored by intensity of expression. Each plot shows expression of the indicated cell surface marker. Populations corresponding to ILC3a, ILC3b, ILC1b and ILC1a are delineated in the CD127 plot. Cell subsets that lack CD103, but express CD94, NKG2A and CD127 are indicated as “Others”. b, Heat maps show graded expression of the indicated markers in the ILC subsets. Two donors analyzed in parallel on the same day are shown for consistency. c, The viSNE map of NKp44+CD103+ cells shows 3 clusters in which the degree of expression of CD127 and CCR6 inversely correlates with that of CD94. The viSNE analysis also identifies a small ILC1 cluster expressing CD16. Data are representative of six donors. Cells were gated based on NKp44 and CD161 (a,b) or NKp44, CD161 and CD103 (c) before running viSNE. Contaminating CD3+CD19+FceR+TREM1+CD14+ cells were excluded by manual gating.

Article Snippet: All the following antibodies were purchased from Fluidigm and included in the panel CD45–089Y (3089003B); CD196–141Pr (3141003A); CD19–142Nd (3142001B); CD117–143Nd (3143001B); CD4–145Nd (3145001B); CD8a-146Nd (3146001B); CD25–149Sm (3149010B); FceR-150Nd (3150027B); CD138–150Nd (3150012B); CD103–151Eu (3151011B); TCRgd-152Sm (3152008B); TIGIT-153Eu (3153019B); CD3–154Sm (3154003B); CD85j-156Gd (3156020B); CD194–158Gd (3158032A); CD161–159Tb (3159004B); CD39–160Gd (3160004B); CD27–162Dy (3162009B); CD45RO-165Ho (3165011B); CD34–166Er (3166012B); CD127–168Er (3168017B); CD159–169Tm (3169013B); CD45RA-170Er(3170010B); CD226–171Yb (3171013B); CD354(TREM1)-172Yb (3172022B); CD94–174Yb (3174015B); CD14–175Lu (3175015B); CD56–176Yb (3176009B) and CD16–299Bi (3209002B).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–d U937 and U937-TD cells were stimulated with TREM-1 agonists αTREM-1 and Fab (10 µg/ml) with or without GαM (10 µg/ml) when indicated. a Kinetics of intracellular calcium release in U937 cells. b Left panel: TREM-1 expression on U937 (gray) and U937-TD (black) cells. Right panel: kinetics of intracellular calcium release in U937-TD cells. c, d Kinetics of intracellular calcium release in U937-TD cells incubated c with increasing concentrations of αTREM-1 (0.1–20 µg/ml) and d with αTREM-1 (5 µg/ml) and increasing concentrations of GαM (2.5–10 µg/ml). e Western blot analysis of lysates of U937 and U937-TD cells at indicated times. f IL-8 concentrations in supernatants after a 24-h stimulation. Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, ns nonsignificant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Western Blot, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–e Isolated primary human monocytes and neutrophils were incubated at indicated times in resting conditions or stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) and TREM-1 agonists (10 µg/ml) when indicated. a TREM-1 expression by FACS on neutrophils at indicated times. b Kinetics of intracellular calcium release in neutrophils in response to TREM-1 agonists with or without 3-h pre-treatment with LPS. c Neutrophil intracellular ROS production. d TREM-1 expression by FACS on monocytes at indicated times. e Kinetics of intracellular calcium release in monocytes in response to TREM-1 agonists with or without 24-h pre-treatment with LPS. f TNF-α concentrations in supernatants of 24-h-stimulated monocytes. Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, DCF dichlorofluorescin, ns, nonsignificant. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Expressing, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–c Isolated human neutrophils were incubated at indicated times in resting conditions or stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) and/or cytochalasin D (5 µg/ml) when indicated. a TREM-1 (green) and nucleus (TO-PRO-3, blue) staining by confocal microscopy after 3 h stimulation (scale bar: 10 µm). b TREM-1 expression on isolated human neutrophils after 24 h. c TREM-1/TREM-1 interactions quantified by flow cytometry after 3 h. Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, ns nonsignificant. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–b Isolated human monocytes were incubated at indicated times in resting conditions or stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) and/or cytochalasin D (5 µg/ml) when indicated. a Left panel: TREM-1 (green) and nucleus (TO-PRO-3, blue) staining by confocal microscopy after 3 and 24 h stimulation. Right panel: TREM-1 expression on isolated human monocytes after 24 h stimulation (scale bar: 10 µm). b Left panel: TREM-1 in situ PLA (red blobs) and nucleus (blue) by confocal microscopy after 3 and 24 h stimulation (scale bar: 10 µm). Right panel: quantification of average blobs/cell. Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, ns nonsignificant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, In Situ, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Characterization of hTREM-1-ECD(21–192) (100 μM, dashed line and 5 µM, red line) by gel filtration chromatography. Elution was monitored by absorbance at 280 nm except for hTREM-1-ECD(21–192) at low concentration (5 µM), which was monitored at 215 nm. b Left panel: titration isotherms of hTREM-1-ECD(21–192) determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Right panel: the critical transition concentration (CTC) corresponds to the x-intercept of the second derivative (C: TREM-1 monomer concentration; H: enthalpy). c Characterization of hTREM-1-ECD(21–192) (5 µM, red line) and hTREM-1-ECD(21–192) (5 µM) in competition with LR12 peptide at 50 µM (dashed line) by gel filtration chromatography. Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Filtration, Chromatography, Concentration Assay, Titration, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Native mass spectra of hTREM-1-ECD(21–200) at different concentrations. Signals representing monomeric and dimeric proteins are highlighted in orange and blue, respectively. (TREM-1-ECD(21–200) displays three predicted sites of N-glycosylation. Indeed, we observed that the high micro-heterogeneity of protein glycosylation resulted in overlapping signals from a wide distribution of glycoforms carrying different charges, making the charge states of TREM-1 ions unresolvable.) b MS signals of monomeric and dimeric hTREM-1-ECD(21–200): b, 1 native mass spectrum of 30 µM hTREM-1-ECD(21–200). Subpopulations of protein ions represented by the first and second peaks were mass-selected for subsequent collision induced dissociation (CID), releasing series of fragments. b, 2 and b, 3 show the resulting patterns of fragmentation derived from the corresponding mass selections. c Fractional mass of hTREM-1-ECD(21–200) dimer as a function of the protomer concentration of TREM-1. The dashed line indicates the level where half of TREM-1 molecules populates the dimeric state. d Fractional mass of hTREM-1-ECD(21–200) dimer as a function of the protomer concentration of TREM-1 (12 µM) in the presence of the LR12 peptide at different concentrations. The dashed line indicates the dimerization level in the absence of any peptide. The inset shows an exemplary mass spectrum of 12 µM TREM-1 in the presence of 18 µM LR12 peptide. e Analysis by CovalX HM4 system high-mass detector of hTREM-1-ECD(21–200) (0.250 mg/ml, 7.5 µM) without crosslinking (upper panel, in black) and after chemical crosslinking (lower panel, in red). Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–c Isolated human primary neutrophils (upper panels) and monocytes (lower panels) were incubated, respectively, during 3 or 24 h in resting conditions or stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) and/or with LR12 peptide (25 µg/ml) when indicated. a TREM-1 expression by FACS on neutrophils and monocytes. b TREM-1 (green) and nucleus (TO-PRO-3, blue) staining by confocal microscopy (scale bar: 10 µm). c TREM-1/TREM-1 interactions (scale bar: 10 µm). Data information: data are representative of at least three independent experiments. MFI mean fluorescence intensity, ns, nonsignificant. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Expressing, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Article Title: TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0003-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Normalized DAP12 mRNA and protein quantification in native and DAP12-silenced conditions. b–d Isolated human primary neutrophils and monocytes were incubated 12 h with siRNAs and incubated during 24 h in resting conditions or stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml). b TREM-1 expression on monocytes. c TREM-1 expression on neutrophils. d TREM-1/TREM-1 interactions (red blobs) and nucleus (blue) on monocytes after 24 h by confocal microscopy (scale bar: 10 µm). Data information: data are representative of at least three different experiments. ns nonsignificant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. resting or as indicated, as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with anti-TREM-1 primary antibodies (proximity ligation assay (PLA) antibody 1, mouse anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Bio-Rad) and PLA antibody 2, and rabbit anti-human TREM-1 (1:200, Abcam, UK)) and secondary antibodies conjugated with PLUS and MINUS oligonucleotide probes (anti‐rabbit PLA probe PLUS and anti‐mouse PLA probe MINUS) prior to incubation with Duolink Detection Reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Expressing, Confocal Microscopy, Two Tailed Test